Temperature plays a significant role in plant growth as it affects the rate of metabolic reactions, photosynthesis, and respiration. Different plant species have different optimal temperature ranges for growth, and temperatures outside these ranges can cause stress and affect growth.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is essential for photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants produce energy from sunlight. Higher levels of CO2 can increase plant growth and yield, especially in plants that use the C3 photosynthetic pathway.

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) in the air can have a negative impact on plant growth. These compounds are released by materials and products used in the building and can cause stunted growth and even death in plants. High levels of TVOC can also increase the risk of diseases and pests.

Light affects plant growth and development through spectral composition and average intensity. Different colors of light promote different physiological processes; blue light encourages leaf growth and stomatal opening, while red light promotes flowering and fruiting. Plants require varying levels of light intensity, and insufficient or excess light can cause stress and impede growth. Optimizing spectral light and average intensity is essential for healthy plant growth.

Humidity levels affect the rate of transpiration and water absorption in plants. When humidity levels are low, plants can lose moisture quickly, which can lead to wilting and stress. High humidity levels can also increase the risk of diseases and pests.

Air movement can help plants to transpire and cool themselves, which is especially important during hot and humid weather. Airflow can also help to distribute nutrients and CO2 around the plant, which can improve growth. However, excessive air movement can cause damage to plants by drying them out or causing physical damage.